Question Tag

Question-tags adalah pertanyaan ekor yang dibubuhkan pada akhir suatu kalimat. Fungsinya adalah untuk menegaskan informasi yang diucapkan atau untuk mendapatkan persetujuan.

Dalam question-tags, diperlukan auxiliary atau kata kerja bantu. Jenis auxiliary antara lain:

1. Be auxiliary

1. is, am, atau are (untuk bentuk present tense/sekarang)
2. was atau were (untuk bentuk past tense/lampau)

2. Do auxiliary

1. do dan does (untuk bentuk present tense/sekarang)
2. did (untuk bentuk past tense/lampau)

3. Have auxiliary

1. have dan has (untuk bentuk present perfect tense)
2. had (untuk bentuk past perfect tense)

4. Modal auxiliary: can, may, must, should, could, might

Shall dan Will untuk bentuk future tense

A. Bentuk Question Tag

1. Negatif Question Tag

Auxiliary+n’t   +   pronoun?

(pronoun merupakan kata ganti dari subyek pada kalimat positif)

Contoh:

~       isn’t it?  ~      aren’t you? ~       aren’t they? ~       wasn’t she? ~       weren’t you?

~        don’t you?  ~        doesn’t he? ~        don’t they? ~        didn’t you? ~        didn’t they?

~       hasn’t she?  ~      haven’t you? ~       hadn’t he? ~       can’t you? ~       shouldn’t I?

2. Positif Question Tag

Auxiliary   +   pronoun?

(pronoun merupakan kata ganti dari subyek pada kalimat positif)

Contoh:

~       is it?  ~       are you? ~       are they? ~       was she? ~       were you?

~        do you?  ~        does he? ~        do they? ~        did you? ~        did they?

~       has she?  ~       have you? ~       had he? ~       can you? ~       should I?

B. RUMUS

1. Kalimat Positif  , negative Question tag?

Contoh:

·         Heni is a dancer, isn’t she ?

Perkecualian:I am smart, aren’t I?

You like milk, don’t you?

·             Andien went to Bali, didn’t she?

·            They will go to Bandung, won’t they?

·            Agnes comes from Italy, doesn’t she?

·             This is your house, isn’t it?

·             Those are your cars, aren’t they?

·             There is a party tonight, isn’t there?

·             Everything is okay, isn’t it?

·             Everyone did homework, didn’t they?

2. Kalimat Negatif  ,  positif Question tag?

Contoh:

• ·              Raymond isn’t an artist, is he?
• ·              You aren’t a student, are you?
• ·              They weren’t at home, were they?
• ·              You don’t like gardening, do you?
• ·              Ganis didn’t go to Africa, did she?
• ·              You won’t leave me, will you?
• ·              Karina doesn’t love Mandra, does she?
• ·              I am not stupid, am I?
• ·              That isn’t your car, is it?
• ·              These aren’t her books, are they?
• ·              Nothing is wrong, is it?
• ·              Nobody wanted to move, did they?

C. Catatan

1. Mengenai Subject

Subyek  QT berasal dari subyek kalimat di depannya.

Subyek QT (Question-Tags) harus dalam bentuk pronoun, yaitu:

I, You, We, They,   He, She, It.

• Tag pronoun untuk this/that = it
• Tag pronoun untuk these/those = they
• Tag pronoun untuk subyek Everyone, Everybody, Someone, Somebody, No one, dan Nobodyadalah They.
• Tag pronoun untuk Everything, Something, and Nothing adalah It.
• Kalimat dengan there + be, maka there digunakan dalam tag.
• Jika kalimat menggunakan “I am ….. “(kalimat positif), maka tag-nya harus aren’t I.

2. Bentuk Auxiliary

• Auxiliary pada QT harus sesuai dengan auxiliary pada kalimat di depannya.
• Auxiliary+not harus disingkat:

Is not  Are not Was not Were not Does not Do not Did not Has not Have not

Isn’t  Aren’t Wasn’t Weren’t Doesn’t Don’t Didn’t Hasn’t Haven’t

Had not  Cannot May not Must not Should not Could not Might not Shall not Will not

Hadn’t  Can’t May not Mustn’t Shouldn’t Couldn’t Mightn’t Shan’t Won’t

• Nothing, nobody, no one, never adalah kata-kata yang bermakna negative, maka tag-nya harus berbentukpositif.

3. Bentuk Tag yang lain

         I.            Kalimat perintah

Contoh:

• “Open the door, will/would/can/could you?”
• “Take your book, will/would/can/could you?”
• “Pass me the spoon, will/would/can/could you?”

      II.            Kalimat ajakan

Contoh:

• “Let’s go, shall we?”
• “Let’s get to work, shall we?”
• “Let’s discuss it, shall we?”

   III.            Kalimat tawaran

Contoh:

• “Have a seat, won’t you?
• “Have a drink, won’t you?

Simple Future Tense

The simple future tense is often called will, because we make the simple future tense with the modal auxiliary will.

How do we make the Simple Future Tense?

The structure of the simple future tense is:

subject	+	auxiliary verb WILL	+	main verb
		invariable		base
		will		V1

For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the simple future tense:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I	will		open	the door.
+	You	will		finish	before me.
-	She	will	not	be	at school tomorrow.
-	We	will	not	leave	yet.
?	Will	you		arrive	on time?
?	Will	they		want	dinner?

When we use the simple future tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb:

I will	I'll
you will	you'll
he will she will it will	he'll she'll it'll
we will	we'll
they will	they'll

For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we contract with won't, like this:

I will not	I won't
you will not	you won't
he will not she will not it will not	he won't she won't it won't
we will not	we won't
they will not	they won't

How do we use the Simple Future Tense?

No Plan

We use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking. Look at these examples:

• Hold on. I'll get a pen.
• We will see what we can do to help you.
• Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight.

In these examples, we had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the time of speaking.

We often use the simple future tense with the verb to think before it:

• I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow.
• I think I will have a holiday next year.
• I don't think I'll buy that car.

Prediction

We often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen. Here are some examples:

• It will rain tomorrow.
• People won't go to Jupiter before the 22nd century.
• Who do you think will get the job?

Be

When the main verb is be, we can use the simple future tense even if we have a firm plan or decision before speaking. Examples:

• I'll be in London tomorrow.
• I'm going shopping. I won't be very long.
• Will you be at work tomorrow?